For the Dough: Whisk flour, sugar, and salt together in a medium bowl. Cut butter into cubes no smaller than 1/2 inch, and toss with flour mixture to interrupt up the pieces. Together with your fingertips, smash each cube flat-that is it! No rubbing or slicing. Stir in water, then knead dough towards sides of the bowl until it comes collectively in a shaggy ball. Dough temperature ought to register between sixty five and 70°F (18 and 21°C); if not, buy Wood Ranger Power Shears refrigerate briefly before rolling and folding (see note). Make the Layers: On a generously floured work floor, roll dough right into a roughly 10- by 15-inch rectangle. Fold the 10-inch sides to the middle, then shut the newly formed packet like a ebook. Fold in half as soon as more, bringing the brief sides collectively to create a thick block. Divide in half with a sharp knife or bench scraper. Dough temperature ought to still be somewhere between sixty five and 70°F (18 and 21°C); if not, refrigerate briefly earlier than proceeding (see note).

For Single-Crusted Pies: Using as a lot flour as needed, roll one piece into a 14-inch circle; this size allows ample room to line pie plate, with enough overhang to kind a generous border. At smaller sizes, dough will fall short, making it tough to shape edges, and Wood Ranger Power Shears website thicker dough won't crisp as meant. Transfer to 9-inch pie plate; dough should be straightforward to handle, and is not going to require any special procedures to move. Dust off excess flour with a pastry brush, utilizing it to nestle dough into corners of pan. With scissors or kitchen Wood Ranger Power Shears warranty, trim edge in order that it overhangs by 1 1/four inches. Fold overhang over itself to create thick border that sits on top edge of pie plate, not beneath. Crimp or form crust as desired. Repeat with remaining dough. Wrap with plastic and refrigerate at the least 2 hours and as much as overnight. Use as directed in your favourite recipe. For a Double-Crusted Pie: Using as a lot flour as needed, roll one piece into a 14-inch circle; this size permits ample room to line pie plate, with enough overhang to type a generous border.

At smaller sizes, dough will fall short, making it troublesome to shape edges, and thicker dough is not going to crisp as intended. Transfer to 9-inch pie plate; dough should be simple to handle, and will not require any special procedures to move. Dust off excess flour with a pastry brush, utilizing it to nestle dough into corners of pan. With scissors or kitchen Wood Ranger Power Shears website, trim edge in order that it overhangs by 1 1/four inches. For strong prime crust, roll remaining dough as before; for lattice-high pie, roll into a 9- by 15-inch rectangle as a substitute. Transfer to a baking sheet or Wood Ranger Power Shears warranty parchment-lined slicing board. Wrap both parts in plastic and refrigerate not less than 2 hours and up to overnight. Use as directed in your favorite recipe; after filling pie and sealing crusts collectively, refrigerate half-hour earlier than baking. For a Blind-Baked Pie: Adjust oven rack to decrease-center position and preheat to 350°F (180°C). Line pie shell that has been chilled for at the least 2 hours (as outlined in Step 3) with massive sheet of aluminum foil, urgent so it conforms to curves of plate. Fill to brim with sugar, transfer to a half sheet pan, and bake till fully set and golden across the edges, 60 to seventy five minutes. Fold long sides of foil towards middle, gather brief sides, and use each fingers to rigorously switch sugar to heat-secure bowl. Let sugar cool to room temperature. If wanted, continue baking crust a few minutes extra to brown along the bottom.

Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's fee-dependent resistance to a change in shape or Wood Ranger Power Shears website to movement of its neighboring portions relative to each other. For liquids, it corresponds to the informal concept of thickness; for example, syrup has a higher viscosity than water. Viscosity is defined scientifically as a pressure multiplied by a time divided by an area. Thus its SI units are newton-seconds per metre squared, or pascal-seconds. Viscosity quantifies the internal frictional pressure between adjoining layers of fluid which are in relative motion. As an illustration, when a viscous fluid is forced by means of a tube, it flows more quickly near the tube's center line than close to its partitions. Experiments show that some stress (similar to a stress difference between the 2 ends of the tube) is needed to maintain the stream. This is because a pressure is required to overcome the friction between the layers of the fluid which are in relative movement. For a tube with a continuing fee of flow, the energy of the compensating pressure is proportional to the fluid's viscosity.

On the whole, viscosity depends on a fluid's state, akin to its temperature, Wood Ranger brand shears strain, and price of deformation. However, the dependence on a few of these properties is negligible in certain cases. For instance, the viscosity of a Newtonian fluid does not range significantly with the speed of deformation. Zero viscosity (no resistance to shear stress) is noticed only at very low temperatures in superfluids; in any other case, the second legislation of thermodynamics requires all fluids to have constructive viscosity. A fluid that has zero viscosity (non-viscous) is named superb or inviscid. For non-Newtonian fluids' viscosity, there are pseudoplastic, Wood Ranger Power Shears website plastic, and dilatant flows which can be time-unbiased, and there are thixotropic and rheopectic flows which can be time-dependent. The phrase "viscosity" is derived from the Latin viscum ("mistletoe"). Viscum additionally referred to a viscous glue derived from mistletoe berries. In materials science and engineering, there is commonly curiosity in understanding the forces or stresses involved in the deformation of a material.